Pharmaceutical manufacturers operate within overlapping quality, data-integrity, cybersecurity, and computerized-system requirements. The specific obligations differ by jurisdiction and application, but the underlying operational disciplines are closely related: controlled systems, trustworthy records, documented changes, security, lifecycle management, and recoverability.
FDA 21 CFR Part 11
Electronic records and electronic signatures where Part 11 applies alongside FDA predicate-rule requirements.
FDA cGMP / 21 CFR Part 210 & 211
Manufacturing controls, records, quality systems, and production requirements for drug manufacturing.
EU GMP Annex 11
Computerized systems used in GMP activities, including validation, data integrity, change/configuration management, security, and lifecycle controls.
GAMP 5
Risk-based good practice for compliant GxP computerized systems throughout their lifecycle.
NIS2 / cybersecurity requirements
Cyber risk management and resilience requirements where pharmaceutical organizations fall within applicable scope.
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